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THIS MONTH'S ARTICLE
Naval warfare of a new kind during the Napoleonic age: The case of the Anglo-American war of
1812-1814 - part 2, by Sylvain Pagé
On early morning of June 22 1807, the American warship USS Chesapeake weighed anchor from its naval base in Norfolk, Virginia, and soon cleared the bay..... This is part two of
Sylvain Pagé's fascinating discussion of the war of 1812.
CORRESPONDENCE QUIZ
In the countdown to the publication of the first volumes of the General Correspondance of
Napoleon I, get into the swing with our Napoleon Correspondence Quiz
THE LOUVRE ACQUIRES A SET OF JEWELS WHICH ONCE BELONGED TO MARIE-LOUISE
Bought from a private collector, this set of jewels (a parure made by the emperor's jeweller
François-Joseph Nitot), comprising a necklace, a pair of emerald and diamond earings, was a
present from Napoleon on the occasion of his marriage with Marie-Louise in 1810. The comb
which once formed part of the ensemble is today held at the Smithsonian Institution in
Washington.
Marie-Louise's magnificent parure will go on show at the end of November 2004, when the
Louvre gallery destined for historical jewels, the Galerie d'Apollon, once again opens its
doors after refurbishment.
200 YEARS AGO
22 Prairial, An XII (11 June, 1804), Napoleon pardons Armand de Polignac and Rivière.
22 Prairial, An XII (11 June, 1804), Laennec defends his medical thesis: Propositions
concerning the Hippocratic doctrine with respect to pratical medicine.
150 YEARS AGO
14 June, 1854, under Education Minister Hippolyte Fortoul (1811-1856), new legislation was
passed organising public education into 16 academies, each directed by a rector and his
academic council (appointed by the minister) and the inspectors of the academy. This new law
allowed the provinces to re-acquire a certain cultural 'vigor', but without causing the
state to lose control over secondary education. The Décret of 9 March, 1852, had already
fundamentally altered the Loi Falloux of 1850 which had been favourable to the Church,
reinforcing state control over education, making it the sole decision-making body for
appointments and dismissals in all posts. Fortoul had also been the proposer of the Décret
of 10 April, 1852, establishing the concept of "streaming", whereby immediately after class
4 pupils would be divided into litterary or scientific streams.
Born in Digne on 4 August, 1811, Hippolyte Fortoul studied law and letters at the University
of Aix, becoming professor there in the 1840s. He subsequently followed a political career,
replacing his brother as Député for the Basses-Alpes département in 1849. He was Navy
Minister from 26 October to 3 December, 1851, and then Minister for Education and Religion
(Ministre de l'Instruction publique et des Cultes) from 3 December, 1851 to 7 July 1856.
Wishing you an excellent, Napoleonic, week!
Peter Hicks
Historian and Web editor
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THIS WEEK:
What's on
- Talk: How not to fight a battle: Cavalry at Waterloo (UK)
- Study Day: Napoleon and the city of Graz (Austria)
- Exhibition: Napoleon: the Emperor's coming! Veneration and myth in Coblenz
- Exhibition: Napoleon and Poland
- Festival: 1st Open-Air Napoleonic Film Festival, Saint-Cloud
- 'The instant recaptured': Luigi Primoli's photographs of India
- Commemoration: Ligny 2004
- Exhibition: Napoleon. The Sacre, at the Musée Fesch, Ajaccio
- Exhibition: Napoleon and the sea, a dream of Empire, Paris
- Exhibition: Napoleon and the Jouy Cloth
Just published
- Napoleon's Balkan Troops (Men-at-Arms 410), by Vladimir Brnardic and Darko Pavlovic
The monthly titles
- This month's book: The Saint-Napoleon: Celebrations of Sovereignty in Nineteenth-Century
France, by Sudhir Hazareesingh
- This month's painting: The Seine and Notre-Dame de Paris, by Johan Barthold Jongkind
(1819-1891)
- This month's article: Naval warfare of a new kind during the Napoleonic age: The case of
the Anglo-American war of 1812-1814 - part 2, by Sylvain Pagé
- In the Collectors Corner, Clock: "Diogenes looking for a man", by Claude Galle (1759-1815)
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