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THE VALUES OF THE REPUBLIC?
In France, the ‘values of the Republic' are not something to be reinvented each day. A more accurate description would be the 'laws of the Republic', for like the law, we are forced to adhere to them. And even if we use the term 'values'(a vaguer term used liberally these days, to various ends), the ‘values of the Republic' are clearly visible within the constitutional texts of France or in texts that have a constitutional value, and in particular in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, (DRMC) [passed by France's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, and which is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and for the history of human and civil rights] and in the foreword to the French Constitution dated 4 October, 1958.
Here is a (by no means random) selection of these ‘values', for us to read, mark and inwardly digest, as citizens of France (or indeed, mutatis mutandis, as citizens of the world):
- Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be founded only on the common good. (DRMC, article 1).
- The goal of any political association is the conservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, safety and resistance against oppression. (DRMC, article 2).
- Liberty consists of doing anything which does not harm others: thus, the exercise of the natural rights of each man has only those borders which assure other members of the society the enjoyment of these same rights. These borders can be determined only by the law. (DRMC, article 4).
- No one may be disturbed for his opinions, even religious ones, provided that their manifestation does not trouble the public order established by the law. (DRMC, article 10).
- The free communication of thoughts and of opinions is one of the most precious rights of man: any citizen thus may speak, write, print freely, except to respond to the abuse of this liberty, in the cases determined by the law. (DRMC, article 11).
- The guarantee of the rights of man and of the citizen necessitates a public force: this force is thus instituted for the advantage of all and not for the particular utility of those in whom it is trusted. (DRMC, article 12).
- France shall be an indivisible, secular, democratic and social Republic. It shall ensure the equality of all citizens before the law, without distinction of origin, race or religion. It shall respect all beliefs. It shall be organised on a decentralised basis. Statutes shall promote equal access by women and men to elective offices and posts as well as to positions of professional and social responsibility. (French Constitution, first article).
- The language of the Republic shall be French. The national emblem shall be the blue, white and red tricolour flag. The national anthem shall be La Marseillaise. The maxim of the Republic shall be “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”. (French Constitution, second article).
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FONDATION NAPOLÉON RESEARCH GRANTS 2015
This year the jury of the Fondation Napoléon History Prizes and Research Grants chose to support the following PhD research projects :
- Marjorie ALAPHILIPPE, Marie-Félix Faulcon (1758-1843): Un littérateur poitevin en Révolution;
- Dorothée LANNO, Les scènes de l'intimité domestiques dans les arts figurés en France (1780-1815);
- Arthur HERISSON, Les catholiques français face à l'unification italienne (1856-1871) ;
- Frantz LAURENT, Charlemagne-Emile de Maupas (1818-1888): étude d'une carrière politique et administrative sous le Second Empire, du ministère de la Police générale au Sénat;
- Romuald FAYON, Aiglons et condors. L'influence du bonapartisme sur la vie politique contemporaine en Amérique latine;
- Annika HASS, Une maison d'édition et librairie transnationale entre Lumières et Romantisme (1770-1840);
- Solène SAZIO, Hippolyte Bellangé (1800-1866), l'artiste en son temps. Solène Sazio's research received the “MINOU AMIR-ASLANI” 2015 Research Grant.
Read a resumé in English of the content of each of these research projects.
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ICES CELEBRATES TWENTY-FIVE YEARS
This weekend the L'Institut Catholique d'Études Supérieures (ICES) celebrates its twenty-fifth anniversary. This University in the Vendée (west of France), located in beautiful premises in La Roche-sur-Yon, provides academic courses in history, law, literature. It has about 1,200 students. It is also home to the Chaire Napoléon, of which the Fondation Napoléon is a partner, and which includes: a course and a tutorial on the First Empire, a course on the Second Empire, a study day, two annual conferences and temporary exhibitions.
The Fondation Napoléon wishes a very happy anniversary and long life to the ICES!
The next Chaire Napoléon Study Day will be held on 2 December on the theme "Military affairs during the Consulate and the Empire" (link in French).
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ARTICLE OF THE MONTH > "GATHERING WARCLOUDS" BY THIERRY LENTZ
Thierry Lentz's introduction to the eleventh volume of the Fondation Napoléon's edition of the General Correspondance of Napoleon Bonaparte, which comes out this week on 25 November, sets the scene for the period covered by these letters (which date from April to December 1811), during which the Emperor's military preparations on the continent were intensified in mid-April. (image:detail from "War" by JMW Turner, 1842 © The Tate Gallery).
OUR FRENCH ARTICLE THIS MONTH IS 1855, LA PREMIÈRE EXPOSITION INTERNATIONALE FRANÇAISE
A recent review in the Washington Post of Michael Broers Napoleon: Soldier of Destiny (recently out in paperback) emphasizes the importance of the newly edited volumes of Napoleon's Correspondence Generale for this biography.
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EXHIBITIONS IN PARIS > LE SECRET DE L'ÉTAT. SURVEILLER, PROTEGER, INFORMER. XVIIE-XXE SIECLE
The Archives Nationales in Paris has opened up its most secret archives revealing to the public for the first time documents which tell the story of "The State secret, Surveillance, Protection, Information", from the end of the Ancien Regime via the First and Second Empire almost to the present day. A multitude of rare and fascinating objects and artworks (including a Chamberlain's Key with the monogram of Joseph lent by the Fondation Napoléon) are presented in an inspiring décor within which we explore more than two centuries of the secret corridors of power (until 28 February 2016).
An exhibition at the Tour Jeansanspeur, in Paris, retraces the history of the Place du Louvre which has undergone several transformations over the centuries, not least under Haussman in the 1850s : "La Place du Louvre" is open until 29 May 2016. (external links in French).
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RE-ENACTMENT > 210TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BATTLE OF AUSTERLITZ
To round of this year of Napoleonic anniversaries, on 5 December there will be an important re-enactment of the Battle of the Three Emperors, in South Moravia, where Napoleon and his forces clashed with those of Emperor Francis II and Russian Czar Alexander I (the actual date of the battle was the 2 December 1805).
FONDATION NAPOLEON DIGITAL LIBRARY > Colonel Morin's memories, the commandant of the fifth Régiment des Dragons, during his travels in Spain (21 July 1812 to 26 May 1813)
When Jean-Baptiste Morin (1776-1814) died from his injuries just two weeks after he had been promoted to General, he left behind a journal of his experiences of the previous ten months during the Spanish campaign. Having spent four years in conflict and fighting guerrilla warfare, the journal is an interesting testimony of the Peninsular War. During the seven months that it took him to find his regiment, he witnessed a country ravaged by war but also discovered the cool shade of the terraces and the erotic Spanish dances. As a soldier, he recounts the counter-guerrilla operations he led in the La Mancha Region. A longer introduction (in French) accompanies the PDF document of this manuscript in the collection of the Napoleon Foundation.
EXHIBITION > ELBA IN NAPOLEON'S TIME (PORTOFERRAIO, ITALY, UNTIL 21 NOVEMBER)
Until Saturday at the Palazzo De Laugier (Sala San Salvatore), "L'Elba al tempo di Napoleone", (external link) shows life in Elba and explores the developments made there by the French government.
Wishing you an excellent Napoleonic week!
Peter Hicks and Rebecca Young (with Tiara Ataii)
THE NAPOLEON.ORG BULLETIN No. 779, 20-26 November, 2015
Interested in the work of the Fondation Napoléon? Why not participate, either generally or towards a specific project, by making a donation?
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napoleon.org - related content:
JUST PUBLISHED
- KENEALLY, Tom, Napoleon's Last Island (a novel) (2015, Australia)
KING, David, Vienna, 1814: How the Conquerors of Napoleon Made Love, War, and Peace at the Congress of Vienna (2009)
PRESS REVIEW
- Review of BROERS, Michael, Napoleon: Soldier of Destiny, volume I in Buffalo News
- Review of Anne Whitehead: Betsy and the Emperor and Tom Keneally: Napoleon's Last Island (in Sydney Morning Herald)
- several reviews of Tom Keneally's Napoleon's last island (a novel, 2015)
WHATS ON (see our website for all events)
Exhibitions
- Le secret de l'État. Surveiller, protéger, informer. XVIIe-XXe siècle, Archives Nationales, Paris [04/11/2015 - 28/02/2016] NEW
- Visages de l'effroi : violence et fantastique de David à Delacroix, Musée de la Vie Romantique, Paris, FR [03/11/2015 - 28/02/2016] NEW
- Da Napoleone a Murat: l'inizio del Risorgimento italiano, Forlimpopoli, Italy [01/11/2015 - 06/12/2015] - Sir Hussey Vivian, From Waterloo to Westminster, Royal Cornwall Museum, Truro, UK [13/06/2015 - 02/01/2016]
- Napoléon (1769-1821), sa vie à travers les femmes, Tourist Centre of Wool and Fashion, Verviers, Belgium [10/10/2015 - 28/02/2016]
- Splendeurs et misères. Images de la prostitution, 1850-1910 (Splendour and Misery. Pictures of Prostitution), Musée d'Orsay, Paris, France [22/09/2015 - 17/01/2016]
- Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Lebrun (1755-1842), Grand Palais, Paris, France [23/09/2015 - 11/01/2016]
- Le Bivouac de Napoléon : luxe et ingéniosité en campagne, Galerie des Gobelins, Paris [18/09/2015 - 13/12/2015]
- Daniel Maclise: The Waterloo Cartoon, Royal Academy of Arts, UK [02/09/2015 - 03/01/2016]
- 'Waterloo and the March of Science', Herschel Museum of Astronomy, Bath, UK [18/06/2015 - 13/12/2015]
- 'The Road to Waterloo' and ‘Waterloo Lives', Gordon Highlanders Museum, Aberdeen, Scotland [03/02/2015 - 28/11/2015] LAST DAYS
- 'Waterloo 1815 - The Battle for Peace' at Wellington Arch and new display at Apsley House, London UK [18/04/2015 - 30/12/2015]
Re-enactment
210th anniversary of the Battle of Austerlitz Brno, Czech Republic [5/12/2015]
SEEN ON THE WEB
- Review of the Opera the Drummer Boy of Waterloo
- Travel case which once belonged to Napoleon Bonaparte
- Ireland's Wars: The Irish Against Napoleon
THE BIBLIOTHÈQUE MARTIAL-LAPEYRE FONDATION NAPOLEON LIBRARY
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The working papers or 'imprimés' of the Napoleonic Conseil d'Etat, the correspondence of Vivant Denon, etc.
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Read the review on Cairn.info
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